Helweg-Larsen discovered that participants did not display an optimistic bias in respect to the earthquake and their realistic estimations persisted throughout the whole 5-month period. In this longitudinal study, the author examined UCLA undergraduates one week after they experienced the earthquake and then in seven, consecutive waves during the following five months after the earthquake. At some point, people may return to their initial belief that bad things will happen to other people rather than to them.Īnother study, examining the temporal aspect of the UO bias, was conducted by Helweg-Larsen in the context of the Northridge, California earthquake in 1994.
However, since pessimism is associated with experiencing stress, anxiety, and a diminished sense of control, perhaps this state becomes too burdensome if it lasts too long.
In the Chernobyl study, unrealistic pessimists performed many more actions that could protect them from danger (for example, they tried not to leave the house and drank Lugol’s liquid). Unrealistic pessimism can motivate an individual to take more preventive measures. Thus it seems that unrealistic pessimism is a short-term state. Temporal aspects of unrealistic optimism/pessimismīurger and Palmer repeated their study three months later and discovered that the bias transitioned from UP to UO. SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities - internal grant from FRBN programme (Fundusz Rozwoju Badań Naukowych - Research Development Fund) granted to Wojciech Kulesza (number: 41/2022/FRBN/E) The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. The Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange (NAWA - ) within the Urgency Grants programme granted to Wojciech Kulesza (number: PPN/GIN/203/U/00001). Health research and ensuring safety for the inhabitants of Mazovia district” granted to Dariusz Dolinski (number: 2020/2). RID (Regionalna Inicjatywa Doskonałości Mazowsza - Regional Excellence Initiative for Masovian District - ): “Unrealistic optimism in the age of pandemic. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: All data files are available from the Open Science Framework database ( ).įunding: This research was supported by grants: 1. Received: FebruAccepted: NovemPublished: December 15, 2022Ĭopyright: © 2022 Izydorczak et al. PLoS ONE 17(12):Įditor: Maurizio Fiaschetti, UCL: University College London, UNITED KINGDOM Citation: Izydorczak K, Antoniuk K, Kulesza W, Muniak P, Dolinski D (2022) Temporal aspects of unrealistic optimism and robustness of this bias: A longitudinal study in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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